Writing

Of write ….

The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood, stine, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which character an word express or of communacting them to other by visible signs.

Anything written or printed; anything, expresdin, character or letters.

Any legal instrument, as adeed a reccipt, a bond, an agremeen or the like.

Any writeen composition; a pamphlet; a work; a literary production; a book; as the writing of Addison.

An inscription

Ex : I am a little pencil in the hand of a writing god who is ending a love letters

to the word.

Reading

Purpose :

Reading process analysis helps readers become aware of the de mands of different text and the strategies that they use to meet those demands in their efforts to make meaning as they read. By sharing reflections on their own reading process in a group. Readers learn from each other’s processes and appropriate new strategies. They also begin to see reading as a complex activity that requires flexible application of many strategies. This is often on importanst new awereness for many readers. This is a process that bears, repetition. Especially as readers encounter different.

Good readers strategies

- rend tast (change the speed of their reading depending on how difficult the text is).

- Re – read

- Ask questions

- Have a reason to read (set a purpose)

- Think about what they know already that’s related (use background know ledge).

For example, about topic genre, era, author …….

- say “this reminds me of my ……..”

(make personal connections)

- try to picture what the author is saying (visualize)

Good Reader Solve Probems With

- weird words (difficult vocabulary)

Read ahead

Re-read the previos sentence.

Write it down.

Substitute a word you know that sounds right and makes sense.

- Distractions (focusing attention)

- Disagreeing with the auther

- Being nervous (about reading aloud or reading for a test)

- Reading about something they don’t know much about.

- Knowing why to read something, or caring about something (setting a purpose).

Listening : Make me a copy please

Description :

Often times students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like to say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more effective listener.

Goals :

Students will understand the need to be articulate when communicating

Background Information :

This activity will teach students to explain what they see and guide another students in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.

Objectives :

1. The students will use descriptive explication to guide another students in completing the task.

2. The students will explain the importance of being articulate and frustrasion when directions are unclear.

Concept :

Students wil be able to :

1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing

2. Follow directions as closely as possible

3. Communicate with fellow students to accomplish the given task.

Advertisement

Advertisement is the information persuade and maturate people so that attracted to service and thing that offer.

Kind of advertisement :

- Family advertisement

- Announcement advertisement

- Invitation advertisement

- Request advertisement

- Article advertisement

- Offer advertisement

We can find the advertisement on newspaper, tabloid, magazine, television, radio, and billboard.

Function :

- Promotion

- Communication

- Information

Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is used to describing a past action’s effect on the present :

He has arrived, Now he is here.

This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form :

- I have arrived

- I have not arrived

- Has she arrived ?

Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too ; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The pattern :

(+)S+had+VIII+complement

(-)S+had not+VIII+complement

(?)Had+S+VIII+complement

Example :

(+)We had eaten before they come

(-)We had not eaten before they come

(?)Had they eaten before we come ?

Adverbs used :

From 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc

Greetings

Greetings is the expression which is used to address someone or other people.

How do you greet other people

- Good morning

- Good afternoon

- Good evening

- Good night

- Hi, Prisi

- Hello Radith

- How are you ?

- How’s everything with you ?

- How’s life ?

- How are you getting along ?

- How are you doing ?

How do you introduce yourself

- Let me introduce myself, my name is Ari

- Hello, I’m Jack

How do you introduce other people

- I would like to introduce Prayzilia

- I would like you to meet Vito

How do you close or end your conversation

- Bye bye

- Good bye

- Have a good time

- God Bless You

- Be careful, take care

- See you

- So long

- See you soon

- See you later

Present Tense

1.Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang dikerjakan atau sesuatu yang menjadi kebiasaan sehari-hari.

Ciri-ciri keterangannya antara lain :

Everyday, every Sunday, every month, every year, etc.

Rumus Nominal :

I/You/We/They+to be (am/are)

He/She/It+to be (is)

-They are at market every morning

-She is very lovely

Rumus Verbal :

I/You/We/They+VI

He/She/It+VI(s/es)

-They go to cinema every Saturday night

-She watches TV in the night

2.Present Continuous Tense

Bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung.

Ciri keterangan yang digunakan :

Now, right now, today, etc

Rumus :

I/You/We/They+to be (am/are)+VI ing

He/She/It+to be (is) + VI ing

-We are studying English now

-She is listening the radio

3.Present Perfect Tense

Suatu bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dikerjakan.

Biasanya present perfect ditandai kata :

Since 1995, 3 times, etc

Rumus Nominal :

I/You/We/They+have+been

He/She/It+has+been

-She has been shot by me just now

Rumus Verbal :

I/You/We/They+have+VIII

He/She/It+has+VIII

-I have eaten

Past Tense

1.Simple Past Tense

Bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan tidak ada hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.

Ciri penandanya :

Last week, yesterday, last years, ago

Rumus Nominal :

You/They/We+to be (were)

I/He/She/It+to be (was)

-I was here last night

-They were happy last week

Rumus Verbal :

I/You/We/They/He/She/It+Verb II

-I went last week

2.Past Continuous Tense

Bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau.

Rumus :

I/He/She/It+was+VI+ing

We/You/They+were+VI+ing

-I was writing a lesson all day, yesterday

-They were studying math yesterday

3.Past Perfect Tense

Bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa lalu yang sempurna selesai sebelum perbuatan lain dilakukan.

Rumus Nominal :

I/You/We/They/He/She/It+had+been

-He had been at home

Rumus Verbal :

I/You/We/They/He/She/It+had+VIII

-I had left before my parents come

4.Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa lampau yang berlangsung sebelum terjadi peristiwa lain.

Rumus :

I/You/We/They/He/She/It+had+been+VI+ing

-When I came from Amsterdam in 1995, she had been living there about 5 years.

Procedure Text

Purpose :

To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instruction or directions.

Text organization :

- Goal

(the final purpose of doing the instruction)

- Materials

(ingredients, utensils, equipment to do instruction)

- Steps

(a set of instruction to archieve the final purpose)

Language features :

- Use of imperatives

e.g. : (cut, don’t mix)

- Use of action verbs

e.g. : (turn, put, mix)

- Use of connectives

e.g. : (first, then, findy)

- Use of adverbial phrases

e.g. : (for 5 min, 2 cm from the top)

How to make a juice

Ingredients :

.Apples

.Sugar

.Milk

.Ice

Utensils :

.Blender

.Glass

Steps :

1. Put the apples into blender

2. Add sugar, milk, and ice

3. Than blend it for more less 3 min

4. Apple juice is ready to drink in the glass

Narrative Text

Purpose :

To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experiences in difference ways. Narrative always deal with same problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

Text organization :

- Orientation

(who were involved in the story, when and where)

- - Complication

(a problem arises followed by other problems)

- - Resolution

(solution to the problem)

Fairy tales, fables, myths, tall tales belong to narratives

Recount Text

Purpose :

To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

Text Organization :

*Personal Recount :

- Orientation

(who were involved in the story, when and where)

- Event

(tell what happened in a chronological order)

- Evaluation

(comments of the writer/speaker)

- Re-orientation

(the conclution of experience)

*Factual Recount

- Orientation

(who were involved in the story, when and where)

- Event

(tell what happened in a chronological order)

Announcement

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or what will happen. In writing an announcement, keep the following points :

- The title/type of event

- Date/time, place

- Contact person

Announcement

Committee

GJIS trip to Anyer

On 2^nd June, the GJIS will hold a trip to Anyer

Depature time : 07.30 a.m.

Programs : Riding banana boats, diving, flying fish, bungee jumping, & dinner in the sea view resto.

Fee : Rp 850.000,00

Contact Person : Andrew, Mr.Kick

Giving Instruction

Giving Instruction is an expression that’s used to give instruction for someone to do or do not something. Giving instruction can be divided as follows :

Command :

- Watch out

- Come here

- Please clean up your room

- Would you please to bring it for me ?

- Be quiet, please .

To prohibition :

- Don’t bully him

- Please don’t bother him

- Would you please not to bother me

Sympathy Expression

Sympathy is defined as a feeling or expression of compassion for the suffering of another person. There are many means at our disposal, some traditional and some modern, that we can use to express sympathy in the days and weeks after someone we know loses a loved one. Expression sympathy is used to expressing sympathy, feeling, or care to someone who has problem.

How can we give sympathy expression to someone?

We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.

Expressions of Sympathy :

- I’d like to express my deepest condolences

- I’m sorry to hear that

- I’m awfully sorry about…

- Oh, how awful!

- Oh, dear!

- You must be very upset

- Oh, what a shame

- How pity you are!

- How terrible / awful for you

Respon of Sympathy :

- It was nothing

- Thank for your kindness

- Thank you for your sympathy

Gaining Attention

Gaining attention is the way to follow attention to someone .

Showing attention :

- Look at you

- How beautiful

- That’s fantastic

- What’s the matter

- Is everything alright ?

- Oh, really ? is it true ?

- Oh my God , what happen ?

- Wow really?

- Waiter?

- Listen to me, please

- Excuse me, look here!

- May I have your attention, please?

Happiness Expression

Happiness expression is a kind of text that is to expression a happiness feeling.

- I’m happy because . . .

- I’m so glad that you . . .

- I’m happy today

- Terrific

- Awesome !

- Fantastic

- It’s amazing

- I’m (very)pleased / (really) delighted (about)….

- I can’t say how pleased / delighted I am about it

Appointment

Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to conduct appointment.

Making an appointment :

- I’d like you to come and see . . .

- I would like to make appointment with . . .

- Can I come and see you?

Accepting an appointment :

- Be there on time

- It’s a deal

- I’ll wait for you

- No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)

- All right, see you there

Cancelling appointment :

- I’m sorry, I’m very busy

- Sorry I can’t

- I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment

Changing appointment :

- Do you have another time this afternoon ?

- How about tomorrow ?

- What about …..(Saturday at 07.00 p.m.)

- Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

- Could we change the schedule of the meeting?

Invitation

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.

There are two types of invitation :

- Formal invitation

Formal invitation is usually originate from institutes, companies, and a kind of it.

- Informal invitation

Informal invitation is a personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc.

Inviting someone :

- I would like to . . . .

- Shall we . . . ?

- How about . . . ?

- Would you like . . . ?

- If you don’t mind, please come to house tomorrow

- Let’s have dinner together with me tonight

- Would you mind coming to my birthday party?

- Would you please attend my party tonight?

- We would be pleased if you could . . .

Accept an invitation :

- Thank you, I’ll come

- All right

- OK !

- Of course

- That would be very nice. Thank you

- I would love to

- Thank you, Yes, I would like to…

- Yes, I would. Thanks.

Refuse an invitation :

- I would love to, but . . .

- It’s good, but . . .

- That’s nice/great. Unfortunately/However . . .

- That’s very kind of you, but . . .

- Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks anyway

- I’m afraid I can’t

- I can’t for now because I’m busy